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Oracle Database 12c: New Features for Administrators NEW

What you will learn

 In this Blog of Oracle Database 12c: New Features for Administrators , you’ll learn about the new and enhanced features of Oracle Database 12c.

Explore the Following New Features:

• Online Data-file Move
• Heat Map
• Automatic Data Optimization
• Temporal history
• Temporal validity
•  Row-archival
• Unified Auditing
• Administrative privileges
• Privilege Analysis
• Data Redaction
•  Adaptive Execution Plans
•  SQL Plan Directives
• Real-Time ADDM
• Compare Period ADDM
•  Data Pump
• Partitioning
• SQL

Audience

• Administrator
• Database Administrators
• System Administrator

Course Topics

Course Contents

Oracle 12c Course Contents

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Enterprise Manager and Other Tools

•          Enterprise Manager (EM) Cloud Control home page
•          Enterprise Manager Express home page versus Enterprise Manager Database Control
•          SQL Developer with new functionalities
•          OUI, DBCA

Basics of Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

•          Benefits of the multitenant architecture
•         Differences between the root container and pluggable database containers
•         Structure of the root
•         Structure of Pluggable Database (PDB)
•         CDB_xxx and DBA_xxx views
•         Impacts in Security, Data Guard, Oracle GoldenGate, Oracle Streams, XStream, and Scheduler

Configuring and Creating CDB and PDBs

•        Tools: DBCA and SQL*Plus
•         Configuration and creation of CDB
•         Exploring the Structure (CDB_xxx views and EM)
•         Tools used: SQL Developer, DBCA and SQL*Plus
•          Create a new PDB from PDB$SEED
•          Create a PDB from a non-CDB
•          Clone a PDB into the same CDB or into another CDB using DB links
•         Plug in an unplugged PDB

Managing CDB and PDBs

•         Connect to CDB as administrator
•         Connect to a PDB using a service name
•         Start up a CDB
•         Open / Close a PDB (SQL*Plus, srvctl, EM)
•         Open / Close all PDBs
•         Shut down a CDB
•         Triggers ON PLUGGABLE DATABASE
•         Change PDB state

Managing Tablespaces, Common and Local Users, Privileges and Roles

•         Create permanent tablespaces in the root and PDBs
•         Manage common and local schemas and users in the root and PDBs
•         Manage system and object privileges to common and local grantees granted "commonly" or "locally"
•         Manage common and local roles granted "commonly" or "locally"

Managing Backup / Recovery / Flashback and Migration

•         Backup a whole CDB
•         Backup a PDB
•         Recover CDB from redo log files, control files, undo datafiles loss
•         Recover PDB from PDB datafiles loss
•         Flashback at CDB level

Online Datafile Move and Automatic Data Optimization

•         Data classification in 12c : tablespace, group, object, row levels
•         Configure heat map
•         Automatic movement and compression
•         Compression levels and types
•         Policy declaration: simple declarative SQL extension
•         Customized automated action execution with user-defined function
•         Execution in scheduled maintenance windows and by MMON
•         Customized schedule with DBMS_ILM package

In-Database Archiving

•         In-database archiving new solutions
•         Use ROW ARCHIVAL clause to enable row lifecycle state for applications
•         Set ROW ARCHIVAL VISIBILITY for session level visibility control
•         Use predicate on ORA_ARCHIVE_STATE column
•         Temporal Validity versus Temporal History (Transaction Time of FDA)
•          New clause of CREATE / ALTER TABLE to set a Temporal Validity: PERIOD FOR
•         New SQL temporal data type

Auditing Enhancements

•         Review of 11g R2 audit trail implementation
•         Overview of the Unified Audit Trail
•         Enabling the Unified Audit Trail
•         Creating a separate tablespace for the unified audit trail
•         Granting the AUDIT_ADMIN role to a user for audit trail configuration and management
•         Configuring the Unified Audit Trail to set a tolerance level for loss of audit records
•         Creating audit policies

Privileges Enhancements

•         Implementing Separation of Duty for Database Administration Tasks
•         Using Database Privilege Analysis
•         Overview of Database Privilege Analysis
•         Granting the CAPTURE_ADMIN role to enable management of privilege captures
•         Creating and starting/stopping privilege captures
•          Viewing privilege profile data
•          Querying DBA_PRIV_CAPTURES
•          Using mandatory INHERIT PRIVILEGES privilege to execute invoker's rights procedure

Oracle Data Redaction

•         Overview of Oracle Data Redaction
•         Types of Masking Policies
•         Administering the EXEMPT REDACTION POLICY system privilege to enable a user to view unmasked values
•         Managing Masking Policies
•         Best practices for defining policy expressions
•         Understanding Masking of Statements Containing Subqueries
•         Viewing Information About Masking Policies by Querying REDACTION_POLICIES and REDACTION_COLUMNS

General RMAN New Features and FDA Enhancements

•         Making Database Connections With RMAN
•         Using the SYSBACKUP Privilege
•         Using SQL, DESCRIBE Command, Duplication Operation with the NOOPEN optionB

Ba  Backing up and Restoring Very Large Files

•         Creating Multisection Backups
•         Transporting Data Across Platforms
•         Prerequisites and Limitations
•         Transporting Data: Processing steps

Monitoring DB Operations

•         Overview
•          Use cases
•         Current Tools
•         Define a DB operation
•          Monitoring: Bracketing an Operation
•          Monitoring the Progress of Operations
•          DB Operation Tuning
•          DB Operation Active Report

Schema and Data Changes

•          Explain the Schema Change Plan flow
•          Change requests
•          Schema synchronization
•          Explain the Data Comparison flow
•          DBMS_COMPARISON package
•          Guidelines and steps
•          Comparison job and results

SQL Tuning

•          Adaptive Execution Plans
•          SQL Plan Directives
•          Statistics Gathering Performance Improvements
•          Histogram Enhancements
•          Enhancements to Extended Statistics
•          Adaptive SQL Plan Management

Real-Time ADDM and Compare Period Advisor

•         Emergency Monitoring
•         Real time ADDM
•         Use cases
•         Goals
•          Define Workload dimensions
•          Reported items
•          Root Causes
•          Requirements for a report

Resource Manager and Other Performance Enhancements

•         Manage resources between PDBs
•         Manage resources within a PDB
•          Manage resources with CDB and PDBs plans
•          Manage runaway queries
•          Automated maintenance tasks
•          Describe the Multi-process Multi-threaded Oracle architecture
•          Learn how to use this architecture in Oracle 12c Database
•          Demonstrate the changes to shutdown procedures

Index and Table Enhancements

•         Multiple indexes on the same set of columns as long as some characteristic is different
•          Create table with INVISIBLE columns
•          Support for invisible columns
•          Advanced Row Compression
•          Describe online redefinition supports
•          Explain LOCK timeout during FINISH_REDEF_TABLE
•         Using DDL statements in an online manner

ADR and Network Enhancements

•         ADR file types
•          New File types
•          New File locations
•          New commands for ADRCI
•          Improve performance by Compression
•          Setup Compression

Oracle Data Pump, SQL*Loader, External Tables and Online Operations Enhancements

•         Use FULL Transportable export and import
•         Oracle Data Pump enhancements
•         SQL*Loader enhancements
•         SQL*Loader and External table common enhancements
•         SQL*Loader Express Mode usage

 
Partitioning Enhancements

•          Move a partition online
•         ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION, ALTER TABLE ... MERGE PARTITION , ALTER TABLE...ADD PARTITION Clauses: Overview
•        Split Partition Operation Enhancement
•        ALTER TABLE SPLIT SUBPARTITION
•        Merge Partition Operation
•        Add Partition Operation
•         Drop Partition Operation
•         ALTER TABLE DROP SUBPARTITION

 SQL Enhancements

•          Enumerate Increase in the length limits for VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, and RAW data types in Oracle SQL to 32767 (32k) byte
•          Enumerate miscellaneous enhancements
•          Using SQL Row limiting clause in a query

Create a new PDB from PDB$SEED

Creating a PDB from the Seed

You can create a PDB from the seed using the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement.

Before creating a PDB from the seed, complete the prerequisites below:

Preparing for PDBs

Ensure that the following prerequisites are met before creating a PDB:

·         The CDB must exist.

·         The CDB must be in read/write mode.

·         The current user must be a common user whose current container is the root.

·         The current user must have the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE system privilege.

·         You must decide on a unique PDB name for each PDB. Each PDB name must be unique in a single CDB, and each PDB name must be unique within the scope of all the CDBs whose instances are reached through a specific listener.

·         The PDB name is used to distinguish a PDB from other PDBs in the CDB. PDB names follow the same rules as service names, which includes being case-insensitive.

·         If you are creating a PDB in an Oracle Data Guard configuration with a physical standby database, then additional tasks must be completed before creating a PDB.

To create a PDB from the seed: 

1. In SQL*Plus, ensure that the current container is the root.
2. Run the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement, and specify a local administrator for the PDB. Specify other clauses when they are required.
3. After you create the PDB, it is in mounted mode, and its status is NEW. You can view the open mode of a PDB by querying the OPEN_MODE column in theV$PDBS view. You can view the status of a PDB by querying the STATUS column of the CDB_PDBS or DBA_PDBS view.
4. A new default service is created for the PDB. The service has the same name as the PDB and can be used to access the PDB. Oracle Net Services must be configured properly for clients to access this service. Open the new PDB in read/write mode.
5. You must open the new PDB in read/write mode for Oracle Database to complete the integration of the new PDB into the CDB. An error is returned if you attempt to open the PDB in read-only mode. After the PDB is opened in read/write mode, its status is NORMAL.
6. Back up the PDB.
7. A PDB cannot be recovered unless it is backed up.
8. A local user with the name of the specified local administrator is created and granted the PDB_DBA common role locally in the PDB. If this user was not granted administrator privileges during PDB creation, then use the SYS and SYSTEM common users to administer to the PDB.

create pluggable database pdb1

admin user pdb1_admin identified by oracle

roles = (DBA)

FILE_NAME_CONVERT=

('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb/pdbseed','/bkp/oradata/cdb/pdb1');

Note:

If an error is returned during PDB creation, then the PDB being created might be in an UNUSABLE state. You can check a PDB's state by querying the CDB_PDBS or DBA_PDBS view, and you can learn more about PDB creation errors by checking the alert log. An unusable PDB can only be dropped, and it must be dropped before a PDB with the same name as the unusable PDB can be created.

Clauses for Creating a PDB From the Seed

Clause	Question	Yes	No
STORAGE	Do you want to limit the amount of storage that the PDB can use?	Specify a STORAGE clause with the appropriate limits.	Omit the STORAGE clause, or specify unlimited storage using the STORAGEclause.
DEFAULT TABLESPACE	Do you want to specify a default permanent tablespace for the PDB?	Specify a DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause with the appropriate limits. Oracle Database creates a smallfile tablespace and subsequently will assign to this tablespace any non-SYSTEMusers for whom you do not specify a different permanent tablespace.	Omit the DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause. If you do not specify this clause, then theSYSTEM tablespace is the default permanent tablespace for non-SYSTEMusers. Using the SYSTEM tablespace for non-SYSTEM users is not recommended.
PATH_PREFIX	Do you want to use a PATH_PREFIXclause to ensure that all relative directory object paths and relative paths contained in certain initialization parameters associated with the PDB are treated as relative to the specified directory or its subdirectories? The PATH_PREFIX clause is ignored when absolute paths are used for directory objects and initialization parameters. The PATH_PREFIX clause does not affect files created by Oracle Managed Files.	Include a PATH_PREFIX clause that specifies an absolute path.	Set the PATH_PREFIX clause to NONE or omit it.
FILE_NAME_CONVERT	Do you want to use aFILE_NAME_CONVERT clause to specify the target locations of the files? The source files are the files associated with the seed.	Include a FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause that specifies the target locations of the files based on the names of the source files.	Omit the FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause. Use one of these techniques to specify the target locations of the files: Enable Oracle Managed Files for it to determine the target locations. Specify the target locations in thePDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERTinitialization parameter. If you use both of these techniques, then Oracle Managed Files takes precedence.
TEMPFILE REUSE	Do you want to reuse the temp file if a temp file exists in the target location?	Include the TEMPFILE REUSE clause.	Omit the TEMPFILE REUSE clause. Ensure that there is no file with the same name as the new temp file in the target location.
ROLES	Do you want to grant predefined Oracle roles to the PDB_DBA role locally in the PDB? The new administrator for the PDB is granted the PDB_DBA common role locally in the PDB. By default, theCREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement does not grant the administrator or the role any privileges.	Include the ROLES clause and specify the predefined Oracle roles to grant to the PDB_DBA role. The specified roles are granted to the PDB_DBA role locally in the PDB. The user who runs theCREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement does not need to be granted the specified roles. See Oracle Database Security Guide for information about predefined Oracle roles.	Omit the ROLES clause.